Topic:
S2R-OC-IP3-01-2020
Total Project Value:
€ 1 349 973,75
Duration:
from 01/12/2020 to 31/05/2023
S2R (Of H2020) co-funding:
€ 1 349 973,75
Coordinator:
David Connolly
Leeds University
IN2ZONE will design and test a prototype next generation transition zone solution that provides a step-change in track support conditions, thus reducing maintenance interventions. The new solution will combine the newest existing transition solutions with technological advances from other sectors, including recent advances in material science. The solution will be holistic, combining multiple advanced technologies to achieve an optimised whole system stiffness. One aspect of this holistic approach will be the design of new automatic irregularity correcting sleepers, formed from synthetic material, with optimised geometry and stiffness for transition zones. They will use a new correction system to self-correct vertical track geometry irregularities/faults, meaning maintenance activities are less frequent. Further, as part of the holistic solution approach, the new sleeper technology will be combined with new advances in ballast stabilisation and soil improvement. This combined solution will result in an optimised whole system stiffness. Further, the entire solution architecture will be modular to ensure the benefits are realised in minimal time.
In addition to the new design, an advanced resilience-based monitoring specification for transition zones will be developed. It will fuse datasets from multiple track sensors (e.g. smart ballast, sleepers, and geogrid) with vehicle sensors and satellite data. This will be achieved using edge computing and artificial intelligence, resulting in an Industry 4.0 approach for just-in-time maintenance.
A time horizon of around 40 years beyond the current state-of-the-art is targeted as suggested in the call document. The new design will be optimised using the latest advances in discrete and finite element numerical simulation tools, coupled with computational fluid dynamics. The transition zone concept will then be constructed and tested at full-scale in one of the world’s largest accelerated track testing laboratory facilities, to TRL5/6. This also gives a rare and valuable opportunity to develop and test the transition zone solution installation, maintenance and decommissioning, while also assessing long-term settlement behaviour. To add additional value, HAZID, LCC and RAMS will also be investigated as part of the project. Further, active steps will be taken to ensure the research compliments the related S2R-CFM-IP3-01-2020 call, and will address the public deliverables from complimentary S2R projects, including IN2TRACK2 and S-CODE.
IN2ZONE’s pan-European consortium comprises 7 stakeholders covering all areas of expertise necessary to execute the project, including three companies, two research Universities, one Infrastructure Manager and one Rail Association.
The average construction cost of a railway track in Europe is between €13-40m euros per kilometre. Post-construction, large costs are then subsequently incurred maintaining this infrastructure. A major source of track maintenance cost is transition zones, due to the high maintenance demands required to keep the track at the desired track geometry, thus ensuring passenger ride comfort and avoiding speed restrictions. According to Sasaoka and Davis, 2005, $200m is spent annually on US railways for track transition maintenance, while in Europe about €85m is expected. Transition zones therefore represent an area of major opportunity, with considerable potential to reduce both direct and indirect costs (e.g. resulting from train delays and loss of capacity) of maintenance.
Transition zones are intended to provide smooth train movement, minimizing the impact of stiffness changes that exist along the track. When a train is moving from an embankment towards a stiff structure, such as a bridge, tunnel or culvert, an abrupt change in the support stiffness occurs, which increases the dynamic wheel loads, and causes high track stresses. At the same time a differential settlement between the embankment track and structure starts to occur, generating differential track geometry, which causes an increase in the interaction forces between the train wheel and rail. This leads to a magnification of the differential settlement that, in turn, causes an increase in the interaction force, which again causes an increase in the differential settlement. This mechanism repeats itself until maintenance is performed. At this point, the initial track geometry is restored, and a new degradation cycle is initiated by the stiffness difference.
To solve these longstanding transition zone problems, IN2ZONE will design and test a prototype next generation transition zone solution that provides a step-change in track support conditions, resulting in a drastic reduction in maintenance interventions. To achieve this, new automatic irregularity correcting sleepers will be designed, that are formed from synthetic material, with optimised geometry and stiffness for transition zones. This will enable the transition zone solution to self-correct minor track geometry irregularities/faults, meaning maintenance activities are less frequent. These novel sleepers will be part of a holistic design, which also uses novel ballast stabilisation, soil improvement and resilient elements to optimise the change of stiffness across the transition. An advanced resilience-based monitoring specification for transition zones will also be designed, combining track, vehicle and satellite sensors. These datasets will be combined using data fusion, and use an artificial intelligence and an industry 4.0 approach to inform maintenance.
High Level Objectives The main aim of IN2ZONE is to develop the next generationof transition zone, which offers a step-change reduction in maintenancerequirements, compared to existing solutions. The associated high levelobjectives are:
1. Reduction in service affectingdelays due to fewer track geometry defects and associated failures (forexample, due to track settlement or a localised loss of rail support)
2. Increased network capacityin terms of more frequent trains and higher speeds, due to improved verticalgeometry and reduced degradation rate
3. Reduced lifecycle costsdue to a reduction in maintenance and extended operational life of the trackand associated assets
4. Reduction in noise andvibration at the transition locations, due to the provision of a sustainedsmooth transfer between areas of differing support stiffness
5. To provide a solution foroptimum and sustained track support conditions, that is compatible with thenext generation track solutions developed within IN2TRACK2 and the complimentaryCFM project
It is expected that the IN2ZONE’s next generationtransition zone solution will:
- Reduce transition zone related delays by 20%
- Reduce maintenance costs of transition zones by 20%
- Improve transition zone operational life by 25%
Scientific and Technical Objectives
- Develop a technical specification for next generation transition zones without being restricted to current practices, while retaining key railway functionality. Specification development will concentrate on technological advances from other sectors, however will also consider the newest existing transition solutions. It will identify new approaches that offer a step-change in performance, via reduced ballast settlement, and a smooth and optimal whole-system stiffness extending from natural sub-soil to the railhead.
- Develop a next generation transition zone modular architecture. This will allow for straightforward installation, maintenance and decommissioning, particularly when upgrading existing transition zones. Therefore the benefits will be realised more rapidly compared to a non-modular system, and more easily integrated within complementary projects: S2R-CFM IP3-01-2020 and IN2TRACK
- Develop a self-correcting design for transition zones. It will be capable of self-correcting minor vertical track geometry defects, thus reducing maintenance requirements
- Explore new materials for every key transition zone component and holistically optimise their properties to maximise performance. For example the ballast will be improved using recent advances in ballast science, such as bitumen, organosilane, lignosulphonate and polyurethane binding agents, and rubber additives/inclusions. Sleeper performance will be improved by using synthetic materials which can be optimised for transition zones. Further, metamaterials will be investigated to minimise noise and vibration. The new materials explored will reduce maintenance requirements and environmental impact and carbon footprint whilst ensuring system resilience against climate change.
- Develop a Common Safety Method for Hazard Identification and mitigation for all stages of the asset lifecycle. This includes: utilisation of novel materials, optimised design for reliability, manufacturing techniques, installation methodologies, maintenance requirements, decommissioning.
- Develop advanced numerical simulation tools to support the validation of the final transition zone designs for a range of applications. These will include discrete element (i.e. grain level) modelling to understand behaviour of different transition types: S&C, underbridges and changes in track construction
- Develop a resilience-based monitoring specification for transition zones. It will ensure the final solution is completely self-inspecting. Combined with the advanced design, it will be relatively maintenance free, however when maintenance is required, it will be just-in-time
- Validate the new transition zone solution using full-scale hardware-in-the-loop laboratory [14] testing (TRL5/6). This will allow for assessing the long-term settlement performance of the innovation and give insight into the expected maintenance intervals
- Develop LCC and RAMS performance models for the transition solution, and perform a full cost/benefit analysis. This will include the effects of increased railway infrastructure capacity due to increased train speeds across transition zones.
- Ensure that the S2R JU Model Grant Agreement is adhered to, and making all activities complimentary to S2R projects: S2R-CFM IP3-01-2020, S-CODE and IN2TRACK2. This includes ensuring that the transition zone solution targets 40 years beyond the state-of-the-art, thus maximising compatibility with the next generation track solutions being designed in IN2TRACK2.